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id="sidebar-aria-label" data-v-319d5ca6> Sidebar Navigation </span><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 has-active" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>js基础知识</h2><!----></div><div class="items" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/js基础/" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>js基础知识</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/js%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/DOM.html" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p 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href="/frontend/js%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86.html" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>任务管理</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/js%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6.html" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>函数进阶</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/js%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/%E5%8E%9F%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%8E%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF.html" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>原型与继承</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/js%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B.html" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>基本类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/js%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1.html" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>对象</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/js%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A7.html" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>常用技巧</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/js%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B.html" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>数组类型</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/js%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1.html" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>模块设计</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/js%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/%E6%AD%A3%E5%88%99%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%BC%8F.html" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>正则表达式</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/js%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E5%9D%90%E6%A0%87.html" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>空间坐标</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/js%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/%E7%B1%BB.html" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>类</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b7550ba0 data-v-b7550ba0><div class="item" data-v-b7550ba0><div class="indicator" data-v-b7550ba0></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/frontend/js%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/%E8%BF%AD%E4%BB%A3%E5%99%A8.html" data-v-b7550ba0><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b7550ba0>迭代器</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-1428d186><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-1428d186 data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-39a288b8></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" class="VPDocAsideOutline" data-v-3f215769 data-v-a5bbad30><div class="content" data-v-a5bbad30><div class="outline-marker" data-v-a5bbad30></div><div aria-level="2" class="outline-title" id="doc-outline-aria-label" role="heading" data-v-a5bbad30>目录</div><ul class="VPDocOutlineItem root" data-v-a5bbad30 data-v-b933a997><!--[--><!--]--></ul></div></nav><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="content-container" data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><main class="main" data-v-39a288b8><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _frontend_js%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80_%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6" data-v-39a288b8><div><h1 id="函数进阶" tabindex="-1">函数进阶 <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数进阶" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数进阶&quot;">​</a></h1><h2 id="基础知识" tabindex="-1">基础知识 <a class="header-anchor" href="#基础知识" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;基础知识&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="声明定义" tabindex="-1">声明定义 <a class="header-anchor" href="#声明定义" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;声明定义&quot;">​</a></h3><p>对象字面量属性函数简写</p><div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">javascript</span><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">let</span><span style="color:#E06C75;"> user</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;">  name</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">: </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">null</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#61AFEF;">  getName</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">function</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> (</span><span style="color:#E06C75;font-style:italic;">name</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">    return</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;"> this</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">name</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">  },</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#7F848E;font-style:italic;">  //简写形式</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#61AFEF;">  setName</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#E06C75;font-style:italic;">value</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">    this</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">name</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#E06C75;"> value</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">  }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">user</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">setName</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;love&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">console</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">log</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;">user</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">getName</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">()); </span><span style="color:#7F848E;font-style:italic;">// love</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div><p>使用<code>let/const</code>时不会压入 window</p><div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">javascript</span><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">let</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;"> hd</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> function</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">() {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">  console</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">log</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;love&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">};</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">window</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">hd</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(); </span><span style="color:#7F848E;font-style:italic;">//window.hd is not a function</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>标准声明的函数优先级更高，解析器会优先提取函数并放在代码树顶端，所以标准声明函数位置不限制，所以下面的代码可以正常执行。</p><div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">javascript</span><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">console</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">log</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">hd</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">));</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">function</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;"> hd</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#E06C75;font-style:italic;">num</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">  return</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> ++</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">num</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">};</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>标准声明优先级高于赋值声明</p><div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">javascript</span><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">console</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">log</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">hd</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">)); </span><span style="color:#7F848E;font-style:italic;">//4</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">function</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;"> hd</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#E06C75;font-style:italic;">num</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">  return</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> ++</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">num</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">var</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;"> hd</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> function</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">() {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">  return</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> &quot;5&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">};</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><p>使用 <code>let/const</code> 有块作用域特性，所以使用以下方式也可以产生私有作用域</p><div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">javascript</span><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">  let</span><span style="color:#E06C75;"> web</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> &#39;love&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">console</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">log</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">web</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">);</span><span style="color:#7F848E;font-style:italic;">//Uncaught ReferenceError: web is not defined</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><h3 id="arguments" tabindex="-1">arguments <a class="header-anchor" href="#arguments" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;arguments&quot;">​</a></h3><p>arguments 是函数获得到所有参数集合，下面是使用 <code>arguments</code> 求和的例子</p><div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">javascript</span><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">function</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;"> sum</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">() {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">  return</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> [...</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;">arguments</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">].</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">reduce</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">((</span><span style="color:#E06C75;font-style:italic;">total</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#E06C75;font-style:italic;">num</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">    return</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> (</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">total</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> +=</span><span style="color:#E06C75;"> num</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">  }, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">0</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">console</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">log</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">sum</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">4</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">6</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">)); </span><span style="color:#7F848E;font-style:italic;">//17</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p>更建议使用展示语法</p><div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">javascript</span><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">function</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;"> sum</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(...</span><span style="color:#E06C75;font-style:italic;">args</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;"> return</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;"> args</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">reduce</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">((</span><span style="color:#E06C75;font-style:italic;">a</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#E06C75;font-style:italic;">b</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">=&gt;</span><span style="color:#E06C75;"> a</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> +</span><span style="color:#E06C75;"> b</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">console</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">log</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">sum</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">3</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">4</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">2</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#D19A66;">6</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">)); </span><span style="color:#7F848E;font-style:italic;">//17</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><h3 id="箭头函数" tabindex="-1">箭头函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#箭头函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;箭头函数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>箭头函数是函数声明的简写形式，在使用<strong>递归调用、构造函数、事件处理器</strong>时不建议使用箭头函数。</p><h3 id="标签函数" tabindex="-1">标签函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#标签函数" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;标签函数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>使用函数来解析标签字符串，第一个参数是字符串值的数组，其余的参数为标签变量。</p><div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">javascript</span><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">function</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;"> hd</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#E06C75;font-style:italic;">str</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, ...</span><span style="color:#E06C75;font-style:italic;">values</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">  console</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">log</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">str</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">); </span><span style="color:#7F848E;font-style:italic;">//[&quot;站点&quot;, &quot;-&quot;, &quot;&quot;, raw: Array(3)]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">  console</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">log</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">values</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">); </span><span style="color:#7F848E;font-style:italic;">//[&quot;love&quot;, &quot;you&quot;]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">let</span><span style="color:#E06C75;"> name</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> &#39;love&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">url</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> &#39;you&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;">hd</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> `站点</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">${</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">name</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">}</span><span style="color:#98C379;">-</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">${</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">url</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">}</span><span style="color:#98C379;">`</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><h2 id="this" tabindex="-1">this <a class="header-anchor" href="#this" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;this&quot;">​</a></h2><h2 id="his" tabindex="-1">his <a class="header-anchor" href="#his" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;his&quot;">​</a></h2><p>调用函数时 <code>this</code> 会隐式传递给函数指函数调用时的关联对象，也称之为函数的上下文。</p><h3 id="函数调用" tabindex="-1">函数调用 <a class="header-anchor" href="#函数调用" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;函数调用&quot;">​</a></h3><p>全局环境下<code>this</code>就是 window 对象的引用</p><div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">javascript</span><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">script</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">  console.log(this == window); //true</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">script</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p>使用严格模式时在全局函数内<code>this</code>为<code>undefined</code></p><p><strong>对象字面量</strong></p><ul><li>下例中的 hd 函数不属于对象方法所以指向<code>window</code></li><li>show 属于对象方法执向 <code>obj</code>对象</li></ul><div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">js</span><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">let</span><span style="color:#E06C75;"> obj</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;">    site</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">: </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;love&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#61AFEF;">    show</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">() {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">        console</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">log</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;">this</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">site</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#7F848E;font-style:italic;">//love</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">        console</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">log</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#98C379;">`this in show method: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">${</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;"> this</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> }</span><span style="color:#98C379;">`</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#7F848E;font-style:italic;">//this in show method: [object Object]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">        function</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;"> hd</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">() {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">            console</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">log</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">typeof</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;"> this</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">site</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#7F848E;font-style:italic;">//undefined</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">            console</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">log</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#98C379;">`this in hd function: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">${</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;"> this</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> }</span><span style="color:#98C379;">`</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#7F848E;font-style:italic;">//this in hd function: [object Window]</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">        }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#61AFEF;">        hd</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">()</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">    }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">obj</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">show</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">();</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><p>在方法中使用函数时有些函数可以改变 this 如<code>forEach</code>，当然也可以使用后面介绍的<code>apply/call/bind</code></p><div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">javascript</span><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">let</span><span style="color:#E06C75;"> Lesson</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;">  site</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">: </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;love&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;">  lists</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">: [</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;js&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;css&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;mysql&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">],</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#61AFEF;">  show</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">() {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">    return</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;"> this</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;">lists</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">map</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">function</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#E06C75;font-style:italic;">title</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">      return</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> `</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">${</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;">this</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">site</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">}</span><span style="color:#98C379;">-</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">${</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">title</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">}</span><span style="color:#98C379;">`</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">    }, </span><span style="color:#E5C07B;">this</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">  }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">};</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">console</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">log</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">show</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">());</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p>也可以在父作用域中定义引用<code>this</code>的变量</p><div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">javascript</span><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">let</span><span style="color:#E06C75;"> Lesson</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;">    site</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">: </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;love&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;">    lists</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">: [</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;js&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;css&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;mysql&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">],</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#61AFEF;">    show</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">() {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">      const</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;"> self</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;"> this</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">      return</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;"> this</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;">lists</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">map</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">function</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#E06C75;font-style:italic;">title</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">        return</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> `</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">${</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;">self</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">site</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">}</span><span style="color:#98C379;">-</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">${</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">title</span><span style="color:#C678DD;">}</span><span style="color:#98C379;">`</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">      });</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">    }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">  };</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">  console</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">log</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;">Lesson</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">show</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">());</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><h3 id="箭头函数-1" tabindex="-1">箭头函数 <a class="header-anchor" href="#箭头函数-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;箭头函数&quot;">​</a></h3><p>箭头函数没有<code>this</code>, 也可以理解为箭头函数中的<code>this</code> 会继承定义函数时的上下文，可以理解为和外层函数指向同一个 this。</p><ul><li>如果想使用函数定义时的上下文中的 this，那就使用箭头函数</li></ul><p>下例中的匿名函数的执行环境为全局所以 <code>this</code> 指向 <code>window</code>。</p><div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">javascript</span><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">let</span><span style="color:#E06C75;"> name</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#98C379;"> &#39;loveagri&#39;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">let</span><span style="color:#E06C75;"> obj</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;">    name</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">: </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&#39;js&#39;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#61AFEF;">    getName</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">function</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> () {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">        console</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">log</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;">this</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">name</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) </span><span style="color:#7F848E;font-style:italic;">//js </span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">        return</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> function</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> () {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">            return</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;"> this</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">name</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">        }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">    }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">console</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">log</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;">obj</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">getName</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">()()) </span><span style="color:#7F848E;font-style:italic;">//loveagri</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><p>使用箭头函数时 this 指向上下文对象，匿名函数的一般使用<code>event.target</code>寻找上下文对象。</p><div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">javascript</span><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">body</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">button</span><span style="color:#D19A66;font-style:italic;"> desc</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;hdcms&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&gt;button&lt;/</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">button</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">body</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">script</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">  let Dom = </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;">    site</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">: </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;loveagri&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#61AFEF;">    bind</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">() {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">      const </span><span style="color:#E06C75;">button</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;"> document</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;button&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">      button.addEventListener(</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;click&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#E06C75;font-style:italic;">event</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> =&gt;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#61AFEF;">        alert</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;">this</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">site</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> +</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;"> event</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;">target</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">innerHTML</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">      });</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">    }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">  }</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">  Dom.bind();</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">script</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><p>使用<code>handleEvent</code>绑定事件处理器时，<code>this</code>指向当前对象而不是 DOM 元素。</p><div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">javascript</span><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">body</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">  &lt;</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">button</span><span style="color:#D19A66;font-style:italic;"> desc</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;">=</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;hdcms&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&gt;button&lt;/</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">button</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">body</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">script</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">  let Dom = </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">{</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;">    site</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">: </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;loveagri&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">,</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E06C75;">    handleEvent</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">: </span><span style="color:#C678DD;">function</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#E06C75;font-style:italic;">event</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">      console</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">log</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;">this</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">    },</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#61AFEF;">    bind</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">() {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">      const </span><span style="color:#E06C75;">button</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;"> document</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">querySelector</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;button&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">      button.addEventListener(</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;click&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, this);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">    }</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">  }</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">  Dom.bind();</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&lt;/</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">script</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">&gt;</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><h2 id="apply-call-bind" tabindex="-1">apply/call/bind <a class="header-anchor" href="#apply-call-bind" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;apply/call/bind&quot;">​</a></h2><p>改变 this 指针，也可以理解为对象借用方法</p><h3 id="原理分析" tabindex="-1">原理分析 <a class="header-anchor" href="#原理分析" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;原理分析&quot;">​</a></h3><p>构造函数中的<code>this</code>默认是一个空对象，然后构造函数处理后把这个空对象变得有值。</p><div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">javascript</span><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">function</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;"> User</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#E06C75;font-style:italic;">name</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">  this</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">name</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#E06C75;"> name</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">let</span><span style="color:#E06C75;"> love</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#C678DD;"> new</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;"> User</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;love&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">);</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>可以改变构造函数中的空对象，即让构造函数 this 指向到另一个对象。</p><div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">javascript</span><pre class="shiki one-dark-pro vp-code" style="background-color:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">function</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;"> User</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#E06C75;font-style:italic;">name</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">) {</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">  this</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">name</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#E06C75;"> name</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">}</span></span>
<span class="line"></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#C678DD;">let</span><span style="color:#E06C75;"> love</span><span style="color:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;"> {};</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">User</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">call</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">love</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">, </span><span style="color:#98C379;">&quot;love&quot;</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">);</span></span>
<span class="line"><span style="color:#E5C07B;">console</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#61AFEF;">log</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="color:#E5C07B;">love</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="color:#E06C75;">name</span><span style="color:#ABB2BF;">); </span><span style="color:#7F848E;font-style:italic;">//love</span></span></code></pre><div class="line-numbers-wrapper" aria-hidden="true"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><h3 id="apply-call" tabindex="-1">apply/call <a class="header-anchor" href="#apply-call" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;apply/call&quot;">​</a></h3><p>call 与 apply 用于显示的设置函数的上下文，两个方法作用一样都是将对象绑定到 this，只是在传递参数上有所不同。</p><ul><li>apply 用数组传参</li><li>call 需要分别传参</li><li>与 bind 不同 call/apply 会立即执行函数</li></ul><h3 id="bind" tabindex="-1">bind <a class="header-anchor" href="#bind" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;bind&quot;">​</a></h3><p>bind()是将函数绑定到某个对象，比如 a.bind(hd) 可以理解为将 a 函数绑定到 hd 对象上即 hd.a()。</p><ul><li>与 call/apply 不同 bind 不会立即执行</li><li>bind 是复制函数形为会返回新函数</li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-e257564d><!----><div class="last-updated" data-v-e257564d><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-e257564d data-v-e98dd255>最后更新: <time datetime="2024-12-30T14:20:32.000Z" data-v-e98dd255></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/frontend/js%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86.html" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>上一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>任务管理</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/frontend/js%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/%E5%8E%9F%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%8E%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF.html" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>下一篇</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>原型与继承</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><!----><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
    
    
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